| Modern English | Part of Speech | Old English | Inflections | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| by | prep. | be | ||
| by | prep. | fram | +dat | |
| by | fram | +dat | ||
| by | adv. | æfter | ||
| by | prep. | þurh | ||
| by means of | prep. | mid | +dat, +instr | |
| by means of | mid | |||
| by no means | nā | |||
| by no means | adv. | nāteshwōn | ||
| by no means | nealles | |||
| by no means | noht | |||
| by no means | næs | |||
| days gone by | nm. | gēardagas | ||
| year-by-year | gearmæ_lum | |||
| by compulsion | adv. | nīede | ||
| gain by force | v. | geþringan | view | |
| take by storm | v. | ābrecan | view | |
| ordeal by iron | nn. | īsenordāl | ||
| granted by fate | adj. | gifeðe | ||
| hide by digging | v. | bedelfan | ||
| grant by charter | v. | gebōcian | ||
| little by little | adv. | lȳtum | ||
| reach by throwing | v. | geweorpan | view | |
| instruct by example | v. | gebisenian | ||
| scatter by pressure | v. | tōþringan | view | |
| land held by freemen | nn. | folcland | view |